	Definition: Allan Variance: One half of the time average over the sum of the squares of the differences between successive readings of the frequency deviation sampled over the sampling period.
	NASA TechTracS Technologies - NUMBERS OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF ALLAN-VARIANCE ESTIMATORS - Report discusses formulas for estimation of Allan variances. Presents algorithms for closed-form approximations of numbers of degrees of freedom characterizing results obtained when various.
	1/f Noise - general reference, universal aspects, examples. (Allan's co-authored 1966 paper is the earliest listed under "Mathematical and Statistical Properties")

SEST - System Performance - SEST - System Performance Telescope Pointing Calibration Monitoring Spectral Purity Tests Allan Variance Beam Size & Efficiency

Hamilton Technical Services - Software for frequency stability analysis. Stable32, Allan variance.

Joint Astronomy Centre JAC Divisions JCMT UKIRT Engineering Technical Services Computing Services Administration JCMT software

	SCULIB_MAP_ALLAN_VARIANCE - incorporate latest set of MAP demodulated data into Allan variance
	SCULIB_SKYDIP_ALLAN_VARIANCE - incorporate latest set of SKYDIP data samples into Allan variance

C C National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87801 C Software Development Environment (SDE) C++ C - Accumulate single Allan Variance files into one large horizontal file

Model 500 Rubidium Frequency Standard

Frequency Stability and Root Allan Variance The frequency stability of signal sources (oscillators) depends on any active device employed within the oscillator package and the frequency-determining element (crystal, LC, RC, transmission line, etc..

	Allan Variance from Phase Noise - This spreadsheet calculates the Allan Variance from supplied phase noise intercepts. Total RMS jitter over the specified bandwidth is also calculated (as of March 23, 1998).
	IEEE Ultarsonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control (UFFC) - AREAS OF INTEREST Frequency control, timing, and time distribution; including crystal oscillators, quartz crystals and other piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric resonators, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, dielectric resonator oscillators . . .Allan Variance.
	Jim Weese's Homepage - Jet Propulsion Laboratory ... Microwave Radio (army), JC Research Areas Telecommunications Systems Engineering, hardware...Telemetry performance , ranging performance, and Allan Variance.

Published Papers/Abstracts Online

Measurements of Allan Variance and short term phase noise of millimeter Local Oscillators - R. Ambrosini, (IRA-CNR/Italy), May 25, 2000

JPL Frequency Standards Laboratory Publications -- Noise Analysis and Statistics

	"Spectral Ambiguity of Allan Variance" by: C. A. Greenhall, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47, pp. 623-627, 1998.
	"A frequency-drift estimator and its removal from modified Allan variance" by: C. A. Greenhall, 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 428–432.
	"Does Allan variance determine the spectrum?" by: C. A. Greenhall, 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (invited), pp. 358–365.
	"The third-difference approach to modified Allan variance" by: C. A. Greenhall, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46, pp. 696-703.

C.A. Greenhall, The Third-Difference Approach to Modified Allan Variance, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 1995. (source: JPL Technical Report Server)

Springer LINK: Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics - Abstract Volume 66 Issue 4 (1998) pp 407-410 - Wide-bandwidth frequency locking of a 1083-nm extended-cavity DBR diode laser to a high-finesse Fabry-Pérot resonator.

Malvin C. Teich, Boston University Professor

	The periodogram and Allan variance reveal fractal exponents greater than unity in auditory-nerve spike trains; S. B. Lowen and M. C. Teich; Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, 3585-3591 (1996) [PS]
	Estimating the Fractal Exponent of Point Processes in Biological Systems Usint Wavelet- and Fourier-Transform; M. C. Teich, C. Heneghan, S. B. Lowen, and R. G. Turcott; in Wavelets in Medicine and Biology, edited by A. Aldroubi and M. Unser (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996), Chap. 14, pp. 383-412

Piezo Crystal Company - Statistical Analysis of Allan Variance, Aging, Phase Noise, and Gravitational Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Frequency Standards

Quantum Measurement and Electromagnetic Oscillators: Development of theory and state of the art experiments Lecturer 13: "Phase and amplitude noise measurement technique. Allan variance measurements," Dr. Eugene Ivanov

Iodine Stabilized LD Pumped Nd:YAG Laser - Laser diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers are promising sources for the application of new wavelength standards because of their inherently low-frequency noise, small size, and high power.

Florescence of iodine molecule pumped by a Nd: YAG laser at 532nm

	Summary for `Wavelet Variance, Allan Variance, and Leakage' - D. A. Howe and D. B. Percival (1995), `Wavelet Variance, Allan Variance, and Leakage,' IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement, IM-44, no. 2, pp. 94-7.
	Statistical Properties of Transmission through Disordered Systems with Long-Range Structural Correlation Sakurada K. Graduate Sch. of Sci. and Techn., Niigata Univ., Niigata 950-21 Japan Goda M. Yamada H.
	A Shortcut for Computing the Modified Allan Variance - 1992 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM Index: 12-92-262 Charles A. Greenhall Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
	Flicker Noise and the Estimation of the Allan Variance Elias Masry IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol 37, no 4, 1173-1177 (1991)
	GPS for Precise Timing Tutorial Navtech Seminars & GPS Supply; Course on "...Stability measures: Allan variance, modified Allan variance, total variance..."

Steffen Wolf - Several relevant papers listed, e.g.: "Measurement of fast frequency fluctuations: Allan variance of a grating-stabilized diode laser;" Optics Communications 128 (1996) 269-274.

Congrès ACFAS - Resumés en Colloque Colloque: 253 LATRASSE , Christine GIGUERE, Philippe CYR, Normand TETU, Michel comparaison de la stabilité de lasers DFB asservis sur des filtres holographiques et sur des transitioins moléculaires pour les communications

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