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A Unified Field Theory and some Experimental EvidenceDavid W. Allan, Ranae Lee and Jeff Lorbeck (Edition submitted to SCIENCE, not public) IntroductionBasic ConceptsThe new unified field theory (UFT) presented herein offers a different way of modeling the gravitational field. This new theory shows how the known force fields work together. We have studied numerous past experimental validations and propose a variety of additional experiments that could be performed that would validate this new theory. The theory has very far reaching implications as well as application opportunities that could provide significant benefit to society. The applications cover a large number of disciplines, and there will not be space in this paper to develop how all of these tie in to this new theory. Additional information, for those interested, is available on the web site [www.allanstime.com]. Below, we list 34 experiments or novel explanations. These are experiments which have already been done, or which are observables of past experience. In addition, we list 13 additional experiments that could be done to help validate this new UFT. Some of these and others in addition have potentially important areas of application. Our hope is that this new theory will be investigated by experts in each of the listed areas, and that they will participate in the pioneering of this new theory as these experimental suggestions are researched. Toward this end, for those colleagues desiring to join in the research, we are publishing the basic ideas and thought processes to understand the theory before it is fully developed. Also, we are not experts in many of the disciplines where opportunities lie. Experts in each area could better test the theory and come up with additional opportunities for research or application. We see the potential for thousands of theses. It will take the efforts of many as truth validation and application are pursued in cooperation with each other. The following, beginning, list includes past, in process, and future activities, which validate or would validate this new unified field theory. List of Validations and/or ApplicationsThose items with a leading "o" are marked to indicate future experiments.
Items on the above list, that are not explained below, are explained on the web site: [www.allanstime.com]. As can be seen from the above list, one of the most encouraging aspects of this new theory is that it provides explanations for many phenomena in nature, which heretofore were not well explained. Even more encouraging are the application opportunities and what they can mean to society. Because of space, we will only give a few examples in this text. Having the correct model is key to understanding. We have the famous historical example of how the astronomers had difficulty in modeling the position of the planets until the work of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. The previous model assumed that the earth was the center of the universe. Given this model, the Greek name for the planets (meaning wanderers) was well deserved -- as no one could predict well their future positions. Based on the accurate observations of Tycho Brahe, Kepler deduced his three laws of planetary motion, and they were like a fresh breath of air for the modeling and the predicting of planetary motion. To this day, these laws are very useful. Similarly, this new model for the unified field theory can open up many fresh areas of investigation and insight. The technological advancement and the scientific understanding gained since Kepler's era have provided society with the countless blessings of modern technology, but with significant challenges coming from by-products of these inventions and their applications. In addition, this new theory opens up significant hope for reducing or eliminating many of the pollutants that currently plague the world community. Combining the Force FieldsThe four known force fields in nature are gravitational, electromagnetic, and the strong and week nuclear forces. This new unified field theory combines these forces into a harmonious working set of relationships. This was one of the main goals of Einstein before he died, and many have worked on this since. Here, we introduce this new theory with only the fundamental equation(1) below. Other equations are available on the web site [www.allanstime.com]. A full set of working equations yet need to be developed by the theoreticians. Understanding how these four force fields tie together provides significant physical insight and opens up opportunities for extremely important applications for the benefit of society. This better allows one to work with nature so that by-products of these technological developments will minimize potentially harmful effects. This new unified field theory illustrates the harmony of the fundamental force fields and most of the commonly accepted laws of physics and of nature. We present herein a new model, which opens up new perspectives because it provides a different way of viewing the laws of nature. It also opens the way to a fifth force field, which is consistent with recent findings, and which is the governing force field in a harmonious, well-ordered universe. The Current and New Model for the Force FieldsThe Current Model for the Force FieldsHere, we give only a brief and synoptic review. This is for two reasons: 1) to show how many of the current theories of physics tie nicely into the new theory, and 2) so that maximum space in the paper can be given to the rational, and important, experimental validations of the new theory. The general model now being used to describe the gravitational field is that the waves are transverse to the direction of propagation of the gravitational energy. As predicted by Einstein, the energy travels at the velocity of light. No experiments have been able to directly measure gravitational waves, but from the interaction of gravitational waves between a binary pulsar pair, Professor Joseph Taylor (Princeton U.) was able to confirm Einstein's prediction that gravitational energy travels at the velocity of light. [Taylor] From the effective mass of a photon, m = hv/c2 (h is Planck's constant, v is the frequency of the electromagnetic energy of the photon, and c is the velocity of light), Einstein predicted a very slight interaction of photons with gravitational fields. This was first measured as light photons from stars were observed being bent as they passed by the gravitational field of the sun to the earth. Many additional experiments followed supporting this interaction between electromagnetic radiation and gravitational fields. As we know, electromagnetic energy is heart and core to both our society's existence as well as to most of the technological progress we have made. These waves, traveling at the speed of light, are transverse. They have been measured in a plethora of ways, and through Maxwell's equations describe much of what we see and feel -- all the way from the energy radiated from the sun to the light bulb in our house and the signal propagated down our telephone line and throughout the power grids of the world. All of telecommunications, navigation, and the computer industry are prime examples of how electromagnetic energy is utilized to benefit society. The weak and strong force fields of nuclear reactions have been studied extensively since their discovery. With the atomic bomb, it is well known that large amounts of high energy electromagnetic radiation and particles come forth from these reactions -- giving important relationships between these last two force fields and the emitted electromagnetic photons. Here, Einstein's famous equation E = mc2 is key to our understanding, where "E" is the energy inherent within the relativistic mass "m." The energy associated with a photon is "E = hv". Hence, we have the very important and powerful relationship in the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mass or vis-a-versa: mc = hv. The very high frequency x-rays and gamma rays emitted from nuclear reactions are a direct result of these mass conversions into photons during fission or fusion reactions. The New Model for Force FieldsThe principal equation below will be explained for this new model -- along with fundamental particle and photon interactions consistent with this new model. Then, to illustrate, sundry experiments will be outlined which demonstrate the unifying relationships and interactions between the known fields. Many of these experiments have already been done or are a part of past observations. The new theory gives explanations which were heretofore either not understood or were rather ambiguous in the models used to attempt their descriptions. The new model for the gravitational fieldFor example, for a sphere the gravitational field lines are along radii and
would appear, if they could be seen visually, somewhat like the spins on a
spiney urchin as they emanate out from the center of the sphere. More
descriptively, they would have the shape of a "diatom" with the field
lines appearing to fan out like the shape of a ball bat. These lines -- fanning
out from the mass center -- are called diallel, gravitational-field lines or
diallel lines. See Though electromagnetic signals (photons) and atomic particles traverse across these diallel, gravitational-field lines with the well known patterns of behavior, in this new theory there is also a force to cause them to flow along these diallel lines. These diallel lines are fundamental to this new unified field theory. A classic example is when a nuclear explosion takes place. Large amounts of electromagnetic energy and high velocity particles are emitted from the reactions and follow along these diallel lines. The well known stem of the mushroom cloud dramatically illustrates this effect. The Fundamental Field EquationThe following equation is fundamental in understanding how the force fields interact and come together for this new unified field theory:
where D is the relativistic density, E is the energy of the unified field, c is the velocity of light, G is the universal gravitational constant, and the last part of the equation, / A2*, will be explained below. D and E are tensors with eigenvalues and quantum states associated therewith. *"A2" should read "capital Pi, sub-2" Density Dependence, DThe density D is the dependent variable; changes in the energy (energy flow in and out of a region) cause changes in the density. For example, the energy flow to and/or away from any space-time continuum along the diallel lines determines the corresponding change in the density in that space-time continuum. Appreciating the energy field at the particle as well as in a region is central to the understanding of this theory. The energy can come from any of the force fields. For example, both equations apply: E = mc2, where m is the relativistic mass and E = hv, where "h" is Planck's constant "v" is the electromagnetic frequency of the photon. Energy can come from the other force fields as well. Later we will see some spectacular and very important examples of this interplay of the force fields. Parallel Component (A2)A dimensional analysis of the above equation reveals that A2 has dimensions of length, time and mass as the force fields interact. The forward slash "/" denotes being parallel in the unified field theory's mass-space-time continuum along the local diallel lines. The "sub-2" on the "A" denotes the energy coming in or going out in the mass-space-time continuum along the diallel lines in the local environment or region. Combining the energy with this term we have E/Pi2. Hence, we see that this denotes the energy per mass, per length and per time taken in the parallel direction of the local diallel lines. The quantity in the denominator of equation(1), cG, is the normalizing factor, so that the dependent variable, D, is the density factor taken in the parallel direction of the diallel lines. It is the density that is the principal resultant output after combining the energy from the force fields. Since the subscript "sub-2" denotes the energy from all sources coming into or going out of the local environment or region, a "sub-1" is implied for the energy, E, and the resulting density, D, as the recipients of the net energy coming in along the diallel lines into the environment or region. Characteristics of Equation (1)Density and Energy relationshipThe dependent variable D can also be taken as density of matter in the usual sense: mass per unit volume. But in general, D is a tensor description as the dependant variable resulting from that part of the energy tensor, E, coming from the parallel part A2, as described above. This equation has application at both the particle level as well as the macroscopic level. For example, we may conceptualize a particle placed in a quantized energy field, which field can come from any of the force fields. A particle interacts with this combined field to determine its density (quantum state, for example). One may think of it as an energy pressure: the greater the energy, the greater the density. The constant of proportionality is 1/cG. The speed of light, c, is also the speed of gravitational waves. The velocity of light squared, c2, is also the proportionality constant in the conversion of mass into energy, since E = mc2. Of course, 1/c2 is the proportional constant in the opposite conversion of energy into mass, since m = E/c2. The universal gravitational constant, G, logically is needed to tie the gravitational field to the other energy fields. Again, we see that the density, D, has great significance in this new theory. Behavior of Particles in the Unified Field TheoryBehavior of ElectronsA free electron, with no other outside forces, naturally spirals downward along a diallel, gravitational-field line toward the mass center -- reminiscent of the appearance of the DNA structure. It spirals clockwise as one looks down along this diallel line, and while so traveling it can exist in one of several quantum states. It will emit or absorb photons as it changes from one quantum state to another similar to what naturally happens within atoms and molecules. One has direct evidence of this in the Aurora-Borealis with complementary spin directions of the electrons in the diallel lines and in the magnetic field of the earth, and some of the quantum states are evidenced by the multiple colors of photons emitted during this phenomenon. In this simple model for the electron, one observes that there are two forces: 1) gravitational -- pulling the electron, as it spirals along this diallel line, toward the mass center, and 2)the attraction keeping it in its quantum state with respect to a particular diallel line. Its quantized-spiral energy state is determined by the energy field in which it finds itself. This will become evident in some experimental examples given later. >From this new theory, we believe that 90\% of the electrons coming to the earth from the sun interact with the earth's crust and living entities thereon. About 10\% of the remaining 10\% react with underground minerals, etc. The remaining electrons are either absorbed, reflected or transmitted at the earth's core. The absorbed electrons contribute significantly to sustaining the ongoing and needed fission reaction there. Also, at the earth's core, if a high energy electron combines with an available proton -- creating a neutron -- then a large quantum of photon energy is necessary to make up the mass deficit; this process is part of the cooling stabilization necessary for core equilibrium. There is a change in momentum as it reverses its direction of spiraling and starts up a diallel line. Significant heating takes place at the center of the earth, for example, as a result of this reversal because of the enormous net number of transmitted electrons that flow through the center of the earth. This flow helps to sustain the earth's magnetic field. Since free electrons are in much greater abundance than almost any other atomic particles, their behavior is of primary interest. They are the principal "food" from the sun for the earth. Since they carry a negative charge, and they are extremely light, they become a very useful tool for experimentation and verification of the theory. We will see this in the experimental section. Because electrons repel other electrons, the earth has a significant shell of high electron density at its surface. This is like the surface tension for water. This shell creates a barrier, but is penetrable as outlined above. The interacting electrons on the surface of the earth contribute in very important ways to sustain life. For a homogeneous sphere, these diallel lines are along diameters and are straight in a non-rotating frame of reference. In a rotating frame, they will appear curved as do light beams. This must be accounted for in experiments using the rotating earth as the platform. Behavior of ProtonsSince protons are usually bound in atoms and/or molecules, their free floating abundance is much less than that of electrons. In nuclear reactions, free protons are emitted, as they are from the sun, in great abundance. Since they are about 2,000 times more massive than an electron and they have a positive charge, their behavior is significantly different, but similar in important details. A free proton interacting with a diallel gravitational field line will also naturally spiral downward toward the mass origin of the diallel line. It, however, spirals counter-clock-wise and also in one of several quantized states. Similar to the electron, it will interact with the particles at the origin -- providing energy and affecting their density -- also according to equation 1. The proton will also reverse its spiral direction at the mass center. Given its much larger cross section, its probability of arriving at the center of the earth is greatly reduced. If protons are emitted from the core, they continue to spiral in the opposite direction of that of the electrons (counter-clockwise as viewed from above). For the earth, the penetration depth of a proton is negligibly small, because basically all it sees is electrons -- to which it is immediately attracted -- making hydrogen, which then joins with another hydrogen atom to make a hydrogen molecule, which may also implode with oxygen to make water. The fact that we don't see a large amount of this activity indicates that the number of free protons at the surface of the earth is small. Because of these reasons, protons do not typically continue with significant probability to the center of the earth. They are, however, very important in nuclear reactions and in the effects on our atmosphere as they are projected from the sun along diallel lines. Behavior of NeutronsNeutrons travel down the center of the diallel, gravitational-field lines -- somewhat like they reside at the nucleus of an atom. They exist in quantum states and their velocities are a function of local density parallel to their movement per equation (1). Remember, this density can come from any of the force fields and includes the local mass. Neutrons don't spiral like electrons and protons, but due to their mass, they contribute to the local density and move along a diallel line toward the mass origin of the gravitational field. They change quantum states as they interact with local conditions. Even though there are a very small percentage of neutrons penetrating the crust of the earth as compared with electrons, they still play a very important role at the core of the earth. They can also be generated at the core, which provides important core cooling -- stabilizing the core heating from the balanced continuous fission process ongoing there, and which is fed by the very large number of electrons, which arrive at the core from the sun. Generally, in this unified field theory, the neutron is a key player because it helps to maintain balance. The neutron could be called the converter as it converts energy from one form into another as it is either created or as it splits. It, of course, can be split in a nuclear reaction into an electron and a proton with also the emission of a high energy photon. In a typical atomic bomb explosion, large amounts of electrons, protons, neutrons and high energy photons are emitted -- along with other atomic particles. The amount of each depends on the kind of nuclear reaction. Neutron bombs have been designed to emit large amounts of neutrons. These are much harder to shield against because the neutron has no charge, and the neutrons are high energy. The principle, designed attribute of the neutron bomb is that it will penetrate structures without destroying them, and reach and kill people from the intensity of the radiation. Behavior of photonsLike a light-pipe, when emitted along a diallel path, photons will transmit their energy at the speed of light along that path until reaching a reflecting or refracting boundary or absorbing material. Photons also contribute to core heating of the earth and the sun. They also contribute energy in the above equation causing increased density as they travel along diallel lines. It is well known how photons bend at some boundaries according to the change in the index of refraction at a given boundary. The path taken can be exactly calculated according to Fermat's principle\footnote{The principle of least action}. In other words, nature likes to be most efficient. Fermat's principle is very important in this new unified field theory. The bending of the diallel, gravitational-field lines is a function of the density (like the index of refraction) as driven by the energy flow parallel to the diallel lines. Hence, like light, diallel, gravitational-field lines can be refracted (focused or defocused). In the experimental section, we will see some examples of refraction. Quantum-mechanical Concepts and Diallel, Gravitational-Field LinesAlthough we have not obtained an analytic expression for the new force field on an electron or proton traveling along a diallel gravitational field line, the particle will exist in a quantum state that may be described as a density distribution in a manner analogous to that arising in atomic and molecular physics and leading to so-called electron orbitals. It may be helpful in envisioning the diallel quantum states to consider other physical systems with cylindrical symmetry and having eigenfunction solutions [Collins]. One such example is the set of modes defining the electromagnetic fields propagating along a circular-cylindrical waveguide. Of special interest are the modal distributions in the case of highly-overmoded waveguides, a situation that may occur when the free-space wavelength of the electromagnetic field is much less than the diameter of the waveguide. Solving the electromagnetic wave equation subject to the appropriate boundary conditions and assuming a waveguide of infinite length yields field expressions given in terms of Bessel functions of the first kind. These functions provide an orthogonal set with which to describe the waveguide modes. The eigenvalues are related to the zeroes of the Bessel functions. The particle density distributions in a diallel-quantum state would be described in terms of a similar set of orthogonal functions. Although a great many electrons could propagate along a diallel line by occupying a multiplicity of quantum states, Fermi-Dirac statistics would limit the number of electrons in each state to two electrons. In addition, just as the electromagnetic field can be circularly polarized (the macroscopic manifestation of the spin quantum number of the associated photons) leading to a spiraling of the field vectors in the circular waveguide, the density distribution of a particle in a diallel-quantum state may also be described as spiraling. In addition, the force field equations need to be developed for neutrons, photons as well as the other fundamental particles. Clearly, there is a great amount of work and insight yet to be gained as we press forward in these areas. Here, we hope our colleagues will bring forth their insights, wisdom and expertise. Experimental Verification of the TheoryAtomic Bomb ReactionAs generated by man, the development of the atomic bomb gave the an experimental occasion for the four known force fields to be present in one reaction in a major way. These four fields are the gravitational, the electromagnetic and the two nuclear (the weak and the strong as they are called). A classic illustration of equation (1) is with an atomic bomb explosion. See Figure 2. The singularity of the rapidly high rising column -- like a mushroom stem -- is very unique. According to classical theory the blast should go out in all directions. The fire-ball, of course, does. However, a very large amount of energy is kept in a columnar shape to very high altitudes. Outside this new unified field theory, none of the current theories give a clear explanation of why this column exists as distinct as it is. Figure 2:
This new unified field theory provides a mechanism for a very large number of diallel gravitational-field lines going up from the immediate proximity of the explosion to form the one column. (Figure 2a) In the main reaction, the explosion carries matter and charged particles up these diallel lines within this column. Pushing against the resistance of the atmosphere it mushrooms out in the well known fashion. This is like pushing a water-saturated tooth pick against a wall -- making it flare out and fold back on itself. The main column remains tight in contrast to a non-nuclear (TNT type bomb, for example) where the energy density is not high enough to bring about a focus of the energy along a column; so it dissipates in all directions. In a TNT blast with sufficient energy this columnar focusing occurs also. What is not well known, and is predicted by the above theory, is that if the right energy density conditions exist, a quantum transition takes place. This has been observed in some explosions, that after the column has achieved a certain height, the column collapses inward -- the density increasing as a result of the increased energy. See Figure 2b. This behavior is predicted according to this new unified field theory. Heretofore, this phenomena has been unexplained. As this macroscopic quantum transition takes place with the increased density, a large amount of electromagnetic energy is emitted. One can notice the crown of the mushroom cloud light more intensely immediately after this collapse of the column as photons are emitted during this quantum change, and they proceed up and down the column. (Figure 2b) At the moment of the explosion, a nearly equal amount of energy is emitted downward along the diallel, gravitational-field lines going toward the center of the earth. Some of the energy will pass through, but a significant portion will be reflected off of the core and return within about one sixtieth of a second or longer to augment the energy in the explosion itself. Also, a significant percentage of the energy is absorbed -- feeding the fission reaction and adding to core heating of the earth. As the energy builds up in the column, one may often observe at the time the column collapses, with the increased energy-density, that the column will turn black. See Figure 2b. This is like a black hole -- with the energy density being so great that light is trapped. This causes a significant degree of diallel-line bending. Time is relativistically warped considerably in these extremely high density regions as well. Core Heating of the earthWhen a nuclear explosion occurs, large amounts of energy (both particle and electromagnetic) are emitted up and down along the diallel, gravitational-field lines. See Figure 1. In principle, special sensors configured underneath an explosion, could sense this enormous energy and particle fields emitted downward, but probably nothing could be built, in practice, to withstand the intensity. Since some of the energy follows the diallel field lines to the other side of the earth, sensing equipment could pick these up. The columns emitted upward in the Pacific Ocean for the two thermo-nuclear explosions (nuclear fusion) named Mike and Bravo had some very important features worthy of noting in support of the current theory. See the Figure 2c. These were set off in 1952 and 1954 respectively, and they were the largest explosions ever set off by the USA -- 10.4 Megatons and 15 Megatons, respectively, equivalent of TNT. Either of these explosions were greater than the accumulated size of all previous nuclear explosions and including all the bombs exploded in all the wars in the history of the earth. The island in the Atolls where Mike was set off no longer exists and 14 pentagon buildings could be placed in the crater it created. In both cases, the head of the mushroom cloud -- pushing against the atmosphere -- dispersed outward basically at the high altitude limit for the atmosphere to carry the particulates associated with this gigantic explosion. Then, the columns penetrated the mushroom clouds, which were at altitudes of about 55,000 feet (17 km), and continued on out into space tightly coupled along the diallel, gravitational-field lines. See Figure 2c. The distance observed for continuation of the column on Bravo was to 130,000 feet (40 km) -- extending far into the stratosphere. One will note that the column extends to a height above the bottom of the cloud greater than this distance from the earth up to the cloud. At the same time, a nearly equivalent amount of energy was fed downward to the core of the earth. This, along with all of the other atomic bomb testing by the USA as well as by all other nations across the earth, has caused a significant amount of core heating and may be a primary reason for the rising of earth temperatures and ocean heating -- having thrown it out of ecological balance. It is as if the earth has a slight fever. In 1960, the former Soviet Union set off a 50 Mega-ton hydrogen bomb blast above the atmosphere -- causing no fall out, but an enormous energy impact. This bomb, alone, produced more energy than the accumulated effect of all other bombs ever set off before that date. The continued use of these high energy nuclear devices could throw the earth into serious imbalance -- the fission process at the core being overfed by all of the particles and photons arriving at the core along diallel lines. A Simple Kitchen Experiment -- the magic of an eggThere are many who believe that an unusual feature at the time of an equinox is that one can stand an egg on end and have it remain standing. This is believed by many people in many lands. The traditional astronomer believes that there is nothing unique at the periods of the two equinoxes (vernal or autumnal) as to whether an egg has a greater or lesser probability of being stood on its end. The traditional explanation is that the rough surface may act like a miniature tripod. This new theory explains why one can stand an egg on its end at any time of the year. Because of the 23o tilt of the earth's spin axis, we have the significant event that occurs at the period of the equinoxes. At this period the earth's spin axis is exactly at right angles with the direction to the sun from the earth. At this point the diallel, gravitational-field lines have a nice symmetry for the earth, and there will be minimal distortion from the vertical for these lines at this period. But the theory predicts that an egg can be stood upright on any day of the year if there are enough free electrons present and the local diallel, gravitational-field lines are not perturbed from the vertical. If one takes an egg and stands it on end on a flat surface, if carefully placed, it will remain standing maintained by the free electrons traveling up and down the diallel lines -- most of them reflecting off of the shell of the egg. There is a slight complication in this experiment because an egg is not exactly symmetric about its axis. The yoke is typically set off to one side, and with different densities between the yoke and the white, or clear portion, this will typically lead to some natural imbalance. Also, an egg as it ages will have the white pull away from the wall at the end of the egg. This is sometimes seen in a boiled egg. A fresh egg will be fully filled. The reason the egg is stabilized in the vertical is from the principle of least action (Fermat's Principle). The electrons flow freely up and down the diallel lines in the egg -- reflecting off of the walls of the egg as a natural boundary. The longest direction for the diallel lines, and hence the lowest frequency (lowest energy condition), for the electrons' oscillations up and down these diallel lines is when the egg is vertical. See Figure 3.
There will be a very weak RF field emitted by the egg as a result of this oscillation. This frequency will increase when it is laying on its side -- the length to the width dimension of an egg being roughly 5:4. Such a measurement would provide a direct test of the model for this new theory and of the presence of these diallel, gravitational-field lines. The first author, working out of his home, made a significant effort to conduct this experiment scientifically -- using a large variety of chicken eggs: fresh, not fresh, cooked, not cooked, fertilized and unfertilized. With fine emery paper the ends of some of them were polished to be as round as they reasonably could -- to avoid the tripod effect. A perturbing environment was selected so that the active servo to keep the egg standing could be studied. A variety of times both day and night were used to consider all phases of the sun and the moon. The experiment was started 23 September 1999 in conjunction with the vernal equinox with the intent to carry the experiment through a full quarter -- to the winter solstice. An extensive set of notes are available on the web site [www.allanstime.com] around these experiences. The following is a summary of the major findings. The perturbation study was fascinating. A section of kitchen counter over a dishwasher was chosen because of its vibration during the wash cycle and because of the dishwasher door being opened and closed along with a fair amount of bumping of the counter as people used the kitchen sink adjacent to the dishwasher. (My wife is very tolerant!) Also, significant Fall breezes came through the kitchen and across the standing eggs from time to time. Some of any of the above listed categories of eggs could be made to stand. Fertilized, fresh eggs seemed to be somewhat easier both to get standing and to remain so. Smoothly rounding the end on which the egg stood had little significance. If the egg were rough on the end, this could work against you or for you. The greatest variation was from egg to egg. If an egg were easy to stand on end -- like within seconds -- then it would tend to be that way over a long period of time. If an egg were difficult to stand, it would continue to be so, and would tend to topple more easily due to perturbations. Some eggs that could not be made to stand at some times could be made to another time and then sometimes easily. Others could never be made to stand. It was not uncommon to see an egg go through a small set of damped oscillations as it would find its point of maximum stability. Most of the time the eggs would have a slight lean to them due to the imbalanced yoke situation mentioned above. It was often the case that an egg could be made to stand more readily facing a certain direction. Once that orientation was found and marked, should the egg be tipped over, it could be made to stand up quite quickly in its preferred orientation. This may be due to a counter-balance of the asymmetric yoke position and a slight non-vertical aspect to the local diallel lines. As breezes would come through the kitchen, they would seldom topple the eggs. On one occasion, a strong breeze tipped over two of four. On another occasion, with two standing, a very strong breeze came through the kitchen. The one nearest the sink blew over in the direction of the wind. About a second later, the other fell over into the wind as if it had developed a torque to compensate for the wind and then the wind let up. Apparently, the response in its internal servo did not have sufficient bandwidth to accommodate this quick change. On several occasions, the first author witnessed that the eggs would remain standing when the wind was sufficiently strong to lift up a paper towel in the wind, that had been placed close by to keep the eggs from rolling onto the floor should they tip over. Eggs could never be made to stand on top of a piano. All different kinds were tried as well as a variety of phases of the moon and sun. Apparently, the "PIANO WIRES" both interact with and perturb the local diallel, gravitational-field lines. The wires will conduct electrons from end to end -- much like an egg -- and set up tiny RF fields which could either attract or repel the weak RF field of the egg. Some eggs could not be made to stand at certain times, while some hours later they could quite easily be made to stand. There seemed to be preferred times of the day and night when it was easier to stand the eggs. It seemed to correlate with the phase of the moon and sun -- alignments typically giving the best probability. There was a lot of uncertainty in these correlations. Usually, once an egg is made to stand, it will remain for a long time. The servo stability almost seems to improve with time to a degree. One fertilized egg (brown with a large tilt to it) was stood up on 25 September 1999 and remained standing through December except when it was hit by an object. It was easy to stand it up again (within seconds) after the incident. One egg, which initially stood readily, came to a point in time (after a few weeks) where it could not be made to stand at all. This is an experiment anyone can do to get a feel for the diallel lines associated with this new theory. Tesla's Earth Pumping Radio-Frequency ExperimentTesla had the idea to use the round trip time of a radio frequency, RF wave, pumped into the earth. He apparently understood that this RF wave would follow along a diameter of the earth, and that he could use the earth's shell (along the diameter at which he was located) as a resonator. This RF wave would reflect off of the other side of the earth and come back to the region of transmission, at which point, he would pump the signal with an additional burst of RF energy. Like a child on a swing -- pumping up -- every 1/30 of a second (the round trip time for his RF signal back and forth through the earth) he would pulse the earth again to build up the energy level. He had built a big radio tower for this purpose, and soon almost everything in the town of Colorado Springs was electrified. He still holds the record for the longest man made lightning bolt of 135 feet. He kept pulsing the earth until the generator at the power station caught on fire. This ended his experiment and turned off the electrical power for the residents of Colorado Springs! From classical physics, one may ask, "If the earth is a conducting sphere, why don't the radio waves disperse in all directions according to the multimode conditions of a conducting sphere? Why do the signals move inside the earth preferentially along a diameter?" The new theory shows that photons, like neutrons, tend to follow diallel lines -- hence, the efficiency of Tesla's RF pumping scheme. Tesla's experiment is nicely consistent with this new unified field theory. Aurora Borealis and the earth's Magnetic FieldQuoting from the Solar System Astrophysics by Brandt and Hodge (p406), "The displays of Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis have excited the imagination of men for many years. Considerable observational and theoretical effort has been devoted to the solution of the auroral problem, but essential understanding is yet to come." Though this book is copyright 1964, and much has been learned since then, still this field of research has many mysteries and unexplained phenomena. The Aurora Borealis is a good example of atmospheric conditions being in the correct alignment to see radiation in the visible from the high-energy electrons following diallel lines and undergoing quantum transitions -- giving off photons of various colors. The dancing effect of the "northern lights," as they are often called, is due to the electrons from the sun arriving in sheets as the bursts of energy generate them on the sun's surface. Like the waves on a beach arrive at different times along the shore, so these fast moving electrons arrive at the earth's poles focused along the magnetic field lines. The center of the velocity distribution of electrons from the sun is about 1.2 Mm/s (2.7 million MPH or about 0.4 percent of the velocity of light). Capturing this much energy in the form of an excited electron decaying and radiating a photon yields a photon with a frequency of about 1 X 1015 Hz. This is in the near ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The width of the velocity distribution would produce transitions both in the optical and further into the ultraviolet. This new unified field theory predicts a congruent set of spectral lines in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to each of the lines in the visible because of the allowed quantum states of these spiraling electrons. This congruency occurs symmetrically on either side of approximately the above UV frequency for the following reasons. As the electrons come into the North Pole of the earth, the spiraling direction caused by the magnetic field and the diallel, gravitational-field lines are both clockwise with, of course, the gravitational force vector being downward. This moves the electrons into a higher set of quantum states than after the electron is reflected back up. As the electron is slowed down in the converging magnetic field lines it radiates in a set of lines in the UV region of the spectrum. When these electrons are reflected -- going away from the earth -- this moves the electrons into a lower set of quantum states, which causes the electrons as they undergo transitions with their acceleration in the magnetic field to radiate in the visible, which is what we see. These UV photons could be measured with special spectral analysis equipment and have been observed on Saturn with a UV camera from the Hubble telescope. This new theory also explains why the aurora is much stronger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern. Since the spin direction of an electron coming into the North magnetic pole along a magnetic field line is clockwise and is complemented by the spin direction due to the diallel, gravitational-field lines, there is an augmentation in the Northern Hemisphere of the earth for those higher-energy electrons reaching the earth and being conducted through the center. On the other hand, there is some cancelation in the Southern Hemisphere. That is, the electron's spin is counter-clockwise coming into the south magnetic pole, while they want to spin clockwise due to the diallel, gravitational-field lines. This then results in a resistance at the south magnetic pole. The net is a flow of electrons from the North to the South Poles of the earth. This then sustains the magnetic field of the earth. Since most of the interaction of the diallel lines and the magnetic field lines occur near the poles, this has negligible effect on humanity. Liquid Nitrogen simulation of Aurora BorealisOne can simulate the Aurora Borealis by simulating the North Pole with a magnetic field -- divergent in nature as at the North Pole -- going through a container of liquid nitrogen and the vapor that forms above it. This vapor acts like the atmosphere for the northern lights to reflect off of as we see the visible variable lines as they play across the sky. See Figure 4.
Emitting electrons from above the container at the right velocity downward toward the liquid nitrogen, which will then follow diallel, gravitational-field lines' as well as the convergent magnetic field lines, will bring about the simulation. These electrons will spiral clockwise as they interact with the magnetic field and with the diallel lines. As the electrons lose momentum -- being decelerated by the convergent magnetic field -- they will undergo quantum transitions in the UV region of the spectrum. As they are reflected back up the magnetic field lines, they will undergo transitions in a congruent set of quantum states in the visible region of the spectrum -- giving rise to the radiated colors observed in Aurora Borealis. The right velocity for the electron emission will be dependent on the convergence and the strength of the magnetic field chosen for the experiment. Since such a simulation will be a microscopic simulation of the North Magnetic Pole, some calculations will help to determine a proper range for this electron emission velocities and the strength of the Magnetic field, B. Blue Jets, Red Sprites and ElfsThis relatively new area of research provides a fascinating confirmation and model for this new unified field theory. Blue jets, red sprites and Elfs are prone to occur above high-intensity thunder storms. See Figure 5 and artist's overlay. A burst of electrons is emitted from a high-energy field in a thunderstorm and spews off into space following diallel lines. It achieves heights approaching 80 km in less than a second. Velocities of Mach 300 have been measured. The blue jets occur first above the clouds and are not always observed. Above the blue jets, toward the top of the burst, the red sprites, as they have come to be called, are formed. The elfs are doughnut rings of electromagnetic radiation going out horizontally, but above the storm system, at the time of the burst. From the new theory, we understand that the energy-density field in the highly energetic storm system acts like a lens for the diallel, gravitational-field lines. A ray of light hitting a lens, the light is refracted and bent according to the principle of least action. Fermat's principle, as has been demonstrated for standing eggs, works for diallel lines as well causing them to be bent at boundaries where there are changes in the energy-density field. The attached image shows a spectacular and classic example of this lensing effect as the blue jets focus electrons along the diallel, gravitational-field lines of this cone-shaped burst of energy -- mimicking an optical lens to some degree. There is a very high energy build-up in the thundercloud storm system where these blue jets originate. As these electrons burst off into space along diallel lines which have been focused by this energy-density field lens, electromagnetic energy is emitted at right angles (called elfs) -- forming an outward going doughnut. These photons will likely be polarized as they come from a quantum emission from this energy-density lens. These elfs are somewhat like the lateral energy release at the time of a nuclear explosion. In fact, the elfs, blue jets and red sprites are like a miniature nuclear explosion, but in a different part of the spectrum as to emissions and colors. The column nature of the jets and sprites is highly reminiscent of the column or stem of the mushroom cloud resulting from a nuclear explosion. A very different set of quantum states is observed for blue jets and red sprites along the diallel field lines as a result of the much lower energy density than for the nuclear blast. The velocity and focused energy of the electrons is such that they emit in the blue. As this blue photon energy is bled off of this cone, when the cone gets small enough the system transitions to a lower quantum state -- setting up a new energy-density lens at the top of the blue cone. This in turn brings about a focusing of other free electrons which have also been emitted from this thunder-storm, cloud's energy release. All of these then combine to form a new red cone emitting in the red part of the spectrum at a lower energy level. The new theory predicts the possibility of another transition at the top of the "Red Sprite," which cause the electrons to emit photons in the infrared, which haven't been photographed to date -- not anticipating this phenomena. Anti-gravityAs we learn how to focus, generate and control diallel, gravitational-field lines, then great utilization can be made of this knowledge. This includes the potential for an anti-gravity device. The previous section gave an example of how diallel, gravitational-field lines are focused as seen in "blue jets and red sprites." Obviously, much research and development is needed to fully appreciate this potential. There are several experiments that one could conduct along these lines that would help in the understanding necessary. Some ideas are discussed on the web site [www.allanstime.com] Sunspot Activity, Magnetic Fields and Planetary PositionsAccording to equation (1) above the flow of electrons from the sun to the planets will be a function of the energy-density presented by the planets to the sun. The sun is the source, the planets the sink for this electron flow. When in balance, this electron flow is like food to the earth bringing about the balance of nature most desirable for life. At the core of the sun is a sustained nuclear fusion process, which is influenced by the electron flow. As the electron flow increases, the energy released in thermo-nuclear fusion increase, and some of this energy propagates readily along the diallel, gravitational-field lines of the sun to its surface -- triggering the sunspot activity where nuclear fission and numerous other molecular and chemical processes take place. These processes also contribute directly to electron emission from the sun. The ionosphere of the earth, for example, is impacted directly by the solar activity at the surface of the sun. The conductance to electrons presented by the planets mainly draws electrons from the sun along their magnetic-field lines, but also accepts electrons emitted by the sun's surface along diallel, gravitational-field lines. This is because the flow is a direct function of the energy-density per equation (1), and hence where there is the highest concentration of diallel field lines for this conductance, there will be the greatest flow of electrons. Both the magnetic field of a planet as well as its energy density at the core will be key contributors to the conductance presented. Since the direction of spiraling for the electrons is the same for the diallel, gravitational-field lines as for the north magnetic field lines, the presentation of the north magnetic pole causes a greater attraction of electrons than the presentation of the south magnetic pole to the sun. Hence, the seasons of the planets are important to this electron flow, as are the spin tilt axes, as well as their position in their inclined orbital plane. A highly non-linear situation exists here because the flow of electrons directly affects the magnetic field while the magnetic field affects the attraction of electrons from the sun. In addition, the electron flow through a planet affects the fission process at the center for those that have this process taking place. Historically, the solar magnetic field has reversed direction about every 11 years -- nominally synchronous with the sunspot cycle. So the north magnetic pole of the sun has repeated about every 22 years -- at least in the recent recorded past. The period of 22 years is by no means precise, and solar maxima have not been well predicted to much better than about a year out of the 11 year half cycle (a solar maximum occurs once per half cycle). Barnes, in fact, has shown that the solar activity can be well modeled as narrow-band filtered noise, which is completely consistent with this new unified field theory. [ref Dr. James A. Barnes] In other words, the peaks and valleys of the solar cycle vary greatly in magnitude and duration from cycle to cycle as they depend on the position and tilt of each planet and its conductance presented for this electron flow. Given the significant amount of variability, this new theory provides a plausible driving mechanism for the reversal of the magnetic poles of the sun as well as for the magnitude and duration of the solar activity level. Furthermore, it can lead to much better predictability of not only the solar maxima, but also of their duration and magnitude. In addition, this theory gives rise for a mechanism for the magnetic field of the planets to change and reverse. The explanation is as follows: according to equation (1), the position of the planets in the solar system with respect to each other and with respect to the sun determine the flow of electrons along the diallel lines and along magnetic field lines. It is like having paths of conductivity and resistivity for the solar emissions as the planets move with respect to the spin axis of the sun and with respect to each other. Here, we have to account for both the tilt angle of the planets as well as their orbital planes as we look at conductivity and resistivity for emission electron paths. The sun is the source, the planets are the sinks and their parallel augmentation directly affects the effective conductivity -- hence the flow (quantity) of electrons. As an illustrative example, the periods of the planets and their harmonic relationship to the period of the solar sunspot cycle are shown in the following table.
In general terms, we see these integer harmonic relationships between the main planet periods and the solar magnetic period of 22 years. The inference is that 22 years is in a harmonic relationship with the periods of the planets. According to our new unified field theory the electron flow in the solar system along diallel, gravitational-field lines will be impacted directly by these harmonic relationships as the planets increase and decrease their susceptibility to electrons from the sun -- since it is the source. This will then cause a repeat in the direction of electron flow through the center of the sun with a 22 year period. The planets being nominally out of phase on the 11 year half cycle will induce a reversal of the magnetic field. All of the gas-giant planets plus the earth have significant magnetic fields. Aurora have been observed on Jupiter and Saturn. These magnetic fields increase the electron receptivity of these planets significantly, and they are principal in their harmonic relationships with the solar magnetic cycle. Here the A2 term in equation (1) becomes very important as we consider energy flow (electrons especially) along parallel diallel gravitational-field lines as a pair of planets with significant magnetic fields comes into alignment with the sun. Using the software developed by William Riley [Riley] for characterizing the performance of the clocks used in the Global Positioning System (GPS), all of the recorded sunspot activity data were analyzed to look for planetary resonances. See Figure 6. As one looks at the plot, one sees peaks and valleys for sigma -- the frequency stability. Sigma minimum values (valleys) can occur when J is equal to the period (1/frequency) of a periodic phenomena that is present in the data. The first major minimum corresponds to 10 times the orbit period of the Earth, 5 times the orbit period of Mars, and to the orbit period of Jupiter. The second minimum corresponds to the 22 year period of the sunspot cycle. The third minimum corresponds to the orbit period of Saturn. The J values are not long enough to detect the orbit periods of Uranus and Neptune. If one studies the stability data in detail, very slight minima occur at the orbit period J values for the Earth and Mars. Since the periods, Ji, of the planets are well known, one can form the following equation as a model for the magnetic field conductance for the ith planet: Ci = Ai cos(2Bt/Ti + Bi) * *" B" should read "pi" All the planets except Mercury, Venus and Pluto seemed to have significant magnetic coefficients. See the web site for more detail [www.allanstime.com]. According to equation (1) the value of Bi should correspond with north-magnetic pole solstice for a planet, in other words, when the north-magnetic pole is facing the sun to the greatest extent. This was tested for the Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. The average agreed to about 1 percent of a cycle with a standard deviation of 15 percent. Like the sun, the data give evidence that the magnetic poles of Jupiter and Saturn are also changing. It appears that Saturn's field has changed this century and Jupiter's is changing slowly. Currently, the magnetic field direction for Jupiter and Saturn are opposite that of the Earth, and Jupiter's is slowly increasing. Because of the highly non-linear nature of the conductance causing the electron flow from the sun, frequency differences are also present in the data. It seems that the principle term in the sunspot cycle is due to the difference (or beat) frequency between the changing magnetic field of Jupiter and Jupiter's orbit frequency. Again according to equation(1), the parallel portion given by the equation shows itself in a fundamental way as a pair of planets line up with the sun. This occurs frequently and adds significantly to the electron flow from the sun and hence in the model to the sunspot activity. For example, the big sunspot peak around 1960 is centered with the alignment of Jupiter and Neptune. Since Jupiter's magnetic field appears to be increasing, which is consistent with the two sets of Voyager data, the magnetic field of Neptune must be decreasing -- to explain the sunspot data observed. A model was developed using the planetary data as an estimate of the driving mechanism for the sunspot data. The actual and the model of the sunspot data are shown in the figure for this century. The model is projected through the year 2,000. See Figure 7. Alignment of the Planets, 5 May 2000There has been a lot of discussion about the coming nominal alignment of the planets on 5 May 2000. Classical gravitational theory predicts a small and relatively insignificant impact on earth tides and weather patterns from this alignment. From this new unified field theory, the principal issue is the alignment of Jupiter and Saturn, which actually occurs about 13 June 2000. Numerous similar alignments have taken place during the 1900s. The 5 May alignment is as follows taking the line between the sun and Jupiter as zero degrees and measuring counter-clockwise from a north pole view: Mercury is +20, Venus +22, earth +192.5, and Mars is +340 degrees. The line between Jupiter and Saturn, which is the important one according to this new theory is -10 degrees on that date. The parallel part of equation(1) tells us that the closer the alignment the more significant the effect is on the conductivity of electrons from the sun and the resulting energy-density, so the important date is 13 June 2000. Fortunately, since the Earth will be on the opposite side of the sun from Jupiter and Saturn, the principle conductivity path will then be away from us. If the earth were in that path, it would be party to this heavy electron flow and would be impacted quite significantly. But with the earth being on the opposite side, the earth will receive the secondary effect from the build up of the sunspot activity. That is to say, the 13 June alignment could significantly impact our ionosphere, which could affect communications and space probes. In addition, the resulting excess electron flow around the date of 13 June 2000 along with the extra core heating of the Earth due to the accumulated effects of all the nuclear bomb testing activity integrated since the 1940s may cause an increase in the probability of earth quakes, volcanoes and increased weather activity. During this time the Aurora Borealis for the earth could become very large. This could also be true for Jupiter and Saturn. Solution to a Space MysteryJohn Anderson and colleagues of NASA JPL, experts in the determination of space-craft position, have published discrepancies observed in the locations of Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and of the Ulysses solar probe. [Anderson, Katz, Murphy] To date the discrepancies in the data cannot be fully explained. They have raised the question as to whether there is a fundamental problem in our understanding of gravity or time. The space vehicles exhibit a pull toward the sun greater than current theory would predict. Equation (1) explains why there is an additional "tug" toward the sun. Each of the vehicles has an RTG plutonium-powered nuclear reactor for the generation of local power. This increases significantly the energy-density for the vehicle and causes a focusing of gravitational diallel field lines from the sun -- resulting in an extra gravitational pull. The effect is small, but measurable. An experiment could be conducted on the earth to validate this hypothesis. One of these RTGs could be placed on a sensitive balance scale. According to this new theory, its weight will be slightly greater when turned on than when off. Perhaps an even simpler experiment could be conducted by taking a high energy transformer and placing it on a sensitive balance with an appropriate load to pull the energy through the transformer. When the transformer is fed power, it should weigh slightly more than when off. One could also see this effect in proximity of electric-power stations. The diallel, gravitational-field lines will again be distorted slightly because of the high energy density in the very large power transformers associated with these stations. If one could place a plumb-bob at various positions over the top of one of these power stations, perturbations in local verticals would be observed. Their would be slight effects on the period as well as asymmetries introduced in the swing of a pendulum in close proximity -- especially over the top of these stations. On the web site [www.allanstime.com] a Cavendish like experiment is outlined that allows both a better determination of the gravitational constant G, but also a measure of the additional force arising from energy-density given by equation (1). Currently, G is only known to about four significant figures, and different values of the planetary masses arise from different experiments. This confusion of values and/or the uncertainties presently, could also be explain by this new UFT. ConclusionMuch more development is needed to fully appreciate this new unified field theory. Taken to its completion and used properly, we believe it could greatly bless the inhabitants of the earth. Great new insights are yet to be had as the research and development efforts move forward. Those who will tune into the author of all truth will learn the most and bring about the greatest benefits to society. We are at a time of judgment. Should we take the information from this new theory and utilize it to help bring the earth back into equilibrium and balance as well as to bless society in countless other ways, or use it in perverse ways or ignore it and continue the degradation trends we see around us now. We have learned a great deal in pulling this paper together, and we have designed the web site [www.allanstime.com] to assist those interested as best we can to continue the research. With bigger and better computing means than were available to the authors, the sunspot date model could undoubtedly be improved -- providing better predictions and more insight into our planetary system and the behavior of magnetic fields. We are only in the infancy of understanding how the fifth force field works, but what little we know is very exciting. We look forward to assisting other colleagues as we see more light and truth be shed on this dimension of the work. These understandings could provide the greatest benefits to society -- even with the hope that it could lead us to a utopian society. It is a matter of living in harmony with the laws of the Creator of the Universe. AcknowledgmentsPrimarily, the authors wish to acknowledge the inspiration of Him who is the author of all truth and the creator of all things. We also deeply appreciate the several people who have been supportive in obtaining the data for the research efforts involved herein. Professor Neil Ashby, of the University of Colorado and one of the top relativists in the world, was especially helpful both in very useful discussions and in supplying planetary data as was Jack Gilmore, also of Colorado. Jack Klobuchar, of Boston and one of the foremost ionospheric experts, and Joe Kunches, of Boulder, Colorado and expert in sunspot activity and prediction, were very helpful in leading us to the sunspot data we needed for the analysis. Chris Kronberg, of the University of Muchin, Germany, performed the calculation to give us the winter solstice date for Jupiter needed for magnetic field effects computation. We wish to acknowledge the excellent work of the team at the University of Alaska working on the "blue jets and red sprites" project. We also received very useful information from A. Dominic Fortes of the UK on planetary magnetic fields. We are grateful to Jeannette and Bill Colbert and to Shelli and Bruce Owen for supplying very useful research information for the paper. Several people have provided critical reviews of the paper, and we are indebted to them: Eric Youngberg, Edna Allan, Dean Allan, Sterling Allan, Kevn Lambson and Ray Truitt -- all from Utah. Figure CaptionsFigure 1This drawing illustrates the diallel, gravitational-field lines going out from the center of some mass object, for example, the earth. All of the force fields can utilize these diallel lines -- including the fifth force field. Interactions may occur at all levels through these diallel lines. They are central to understanding this new unified field theory. Figure 2These three Figures 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate different levels of progression in a nuclear explosion. Figure 2a is typical of an atomic bomb (fission) explosion with the typical mushroom stem and cloud. This illustrates how the energy flows readily along the diallel, gravitational-field lines, which go out vertically from the earth. Pushing against the atmosphere, the large amount of energy roles out like a doughnut smoke-ring effect and dissipates its energy horizontally. Figure 2b illustrates the slight collapsing of the stem as a result of the energy building up to a sufficient level such that the density increase results in a macroscopic quantum transition in the diallel lines. This density increase (quantum change) causes a volume decrease -- hence the collapse. In some cases the energy-density is sufficient that photons can't escape -- like a black hole, but the quantum change often results in photon emission, which can be observed coming out the top of the mushroom cloud as it is transmitted up the diallel lines in the center of the stem. Figure 3b illustrative of the very high energy fusion reactions, which causes the energy to follow the diallel lines pushing through the troposphere, the head of the mushroom cloud and out into the stratosphere to great distances. With each atomic explosion, a nearly equal amount of energy goes down as goes up. The energy going down follows the diallel lines to the center of the earth -- contributing to earth-core heating. Figure 3In Figure 3 we illustrate the potential energy of an egg going from laying down to its vertical position. Also illustrated is the energy coming from the free electrons oscillating up and down along the vertical gravitational field lines inside the egg. Also illustrated is an energy diagram coming from Fermat's principle, which shows the lowest energy (lowest frequency of the oscillating electrons) is when an egg is in the vertical position. The sum of the two energies results in a slight potential well at the top. Hence, an egg can be stood on its end if there are enough free electrons and if the local diallel lines are in the right vertical inclination for the egg. Figure 4In Figure 4 we illustrate how one could simulate the Aurora-Borealis. The cloud above the boiling liquid nitrogen acts like the clouds for the "northern lights." With the right energy of electron emission down along the local diallel lines and with the right magnetic field intensity, the electrons spiraling down and up the diallel and magnetic field lines will undergo quantum transitions -- simulating the emissions seen in the "northern lights." Figure 5Courtesy of the University of Alaska, we show one of their photos of "blue jets, red sprites." The high energy density in an intense thunderstorm can create a lensing effect for the diallel, gravitational-field lines. One sees bending in as illustrated. Fermat's principle enters in again for this focusing effect. We see a macroscopic quantum change and a second lensing effect as the "red sprites" are generated. If infrared sensing equipment were available, a third quantum level may be observed above the "red sprites." This is a colorful example of the electron emissions from an intense thunderstorm activity following the diallel, gravitational-field lines. Figure 6Figure 6 is the frequency stability analysis of 250 years of sunspot data. This stability measure is sensitive to resonances in the data. Seeing the presence of the periods of the planets in the sunspot data gives direct evidence in support of this new unified field theory -- namely, that the electron flow from the sun is effected by the positions and magnetic fields of the planets. In turn, the electron flow directly effects the generation of the sunspots. Figure 7Here, in Figure 7, we show the actual sunspot data along with a derived model taken from planetary positions and magnetic fields. The standard deviation of the fit over the century was 25 sunspot numbers. The details for how this fit was derived are available on the web site [www.allanstime.com]. Figure 7b shows an expansion of Figure 7a from 1983 through the end of 2000. One sees that the predicted sunspot activity is expected to increase all the way through the year 2000.
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